Optic Neuritis

It is an inflammation of the optic nerve, which transmits vision signals from the eye to the brain. It usually manifests itself with sudden vision loss, pain during eye movements, and impaired color perception. Most often, optic neuritis It is associated with the autoimmune disease Multiple Sclerosis (MS). However, it can also occur alone. Although it is more common in young adults, it can occur in any age group.

Optic Neuritis Causes

Optic neuritis A significant number of cases are seen in MS patients. MS occurs when the immune system attacks the myelin, the protective sheath of nerve cells. Neuromyelitis optica can affect the nerves in the brain and spinal cord and lead to. Some viral infections such as measles, mumps, chickenpox, HIV and influenza can cause it. Bacterial infections such as syphilis, Lyme disease and tuberculosis can also affect it.

Autoimmune diseases such as lupus, sarcoidosis and Behcet's disease cause inflammation of the optic nerve. Side effects of certain chemicals and medications optic neuritis It can cause the development of. Methanol (fake alcohol) poisoning and some antibiotics can cause this condition. Vitamin B12 deficiency in particular can prevent the healthy functioning of the nerves and lead to.

Optic Neuritis Symptoms

It usually occurs suddenly in one eye. However, in some cases, both eyes can be affected. Vision loss usually develops within a few hours or days. Visual acuity may decrease, sometimes complete vision loss may occur. A sharp or stinging pain may be felt when moving the eyeball. Colors, especially red tones, may be perceived as pale or different. Central or peripheral (edge) vision loss may occur. The eyes may become sensitive to bright lights.

How Is Optic Neuritis Diagnosed?

Optic neuritis diagnosis Ophthalmologists and neurologists perform various tests to diagnose the condition. Visual acuity, color perception and light sensitivity are evaluated. The optic nerve is examined for swelling. The areas where vision loss occurs are determined. The optic nerve and brain structures are examined in detail and their relationship with diseases such as MS is investigated. Infections, immune diseases or vitamin deficiencies are investigated.

Optic Neuritis Treatment Methods

Optic neuritis Because it is usually associated with the immune system, corticosteroid medications are the most common treatment. These medications can reduce inflammation and shorten the duration of vision loss. Intravenous (IV) corticosteroids are more rapid-acting and are preferred in severe cases. Oral corticosteroids may be used in mild cases or after IV treatment.

If there is no response to corticosteroid treatment, plasmapheresis treatment is applied, which cleans the plasma components of the blood. If there is optic neuritis due to a bacterial or viral infection, it is treated with appropriate antibiotics or antiviral drugs. If the patient is diagnosed with MS, immune modulator treatments regulate the immune system and slow the progression of the disease.

Optic Neuritis Prognosis (Course)

Most patients regain some or all of their vision within 2 to 12 weeks. However, in some cases, permanent vision loss or color perception disorders may occur. Especially in people with MS optic neuritis It may recur. Although rare, some patients may experience permanent vision loss.

Ways to Prevent Optic Neuritis

It is not a completely preventable disease, but some precautions can reduce the risk:

• Healthy Diet and Vitamin B12 Supplementation

• Avoiding Smoking and Alcohol

• Regular Eye Exams

• Protection from Infections

Conclusion

Optic neuritis, is a condition that occurs with sudden vision loss and pain due to inflammation of the optic nerve. It is usually associated with autoimmune diseases. It can be a symptom of diseases such as MS. Treatment is done with corticosteroids, plasmapheresis and treatments aimed at the underlying cause. It is of great importance to follow up patients regularly and protect their eye health.